As such, a longer-term trial (12 weeks) that employs a control group is well warranted.Īccordingly, the present study examined the effect of ADF on body weight, body composition, and CHD risk parameters in both normal weight and overweight adults in a 12-week randomized controlled feeding trial. While these trials lay some groundwork, they are limited by their short durations (2–3 weeks) and their lack of a control group.
demonstrated no change in body weight after 2 weeks of ADF in overweight men (BMI 26 kg/m 2). Contrary to these findings, Halberg et al. Body weight decreased by 2% from baseline, while triacylglycerol concentrations decreased only in men. , normal weight men and women (BMI 23 kg/m 2) participated in an ADF regimen for 3 weeks. Only two human studies have tested the effect of ADF on body weight and CHD risk in non-obese subjects. Taken together, this preliminary work suggests that ADF may be effective for weight loss and CHD risk reduction in obese adults.Īn important question that remains unresolved is whether the favorable effects of ADF can also be observed in normal weight and overweight populations. increases in adiponectin, and decreases in leptin and resistin) have also been reported. Beneficial changes in blood pressure and adipokine profile (i.e. For instance, decreases in LDL cholesterol concentrations (20-25%), triacylglycerol concentrations (15-30%), and increases in LDL particle size are often observed with short-term ADF (8–12 weeks). In addition to these favorable body composition changes, improvements in CHD risk have also been noted. These reports also suggest that ADF may aid in the retention of lean mass in obese individuals. Results from these initial trials indicate that ADF is effective for weight loss (5-6% reductions in body weight) and visceral fat mass loss (5–7 cm reductions in waist circumference) in 8–12 weeks of treatment. Only a handful of studies have been performed to test the effects of ADF on body weight and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction, and almost all of these studies have been undertaken in obese populations (BMI 30–39.9 kg/m 2). Alternate day fasting involves a “fast day” where individuals consume 25% of energy needs, alternated with a “feed day” where subjects eat ad libitum.
Intermittent fasting regimens, particularly alternate day fasting (ADF) protocols, have gained considerable popularity in the past decade.
These findings suggest that ADF is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in normal weight and overweight adults, though further research implementing larger sample sizes is required before solid conclusion can be reached. LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, homocysteine and resistin concentrations remained unchanged after 12 weeks of treatment. Plasma adiponectin increased (6 ± 10%, P < 0.01) while leptin decreased (40 ± 7%, P < 0.05) in the ADF group versus controls by the end of the study. CRP decreased (13 ± 17%, P < 0.05) in the ADF group relative to controls at week 12. Triacylglycerol concentrations decreased (20 ± 8%, P < 0.05) and LDL particle size increased (4 ± 1 Å, P < 0.01) in the ADF group relative to controls.
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Fat mass was reduced (P < 0.001) by 3.6 ± 0.7 kg, and fat free mass did not change, versus controls. Resultsīody weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 5.2 ± 0.9 kg (6.5 ± 1.0%) in the ADF group, relative to the control group, by week 12. Thirty-two subjects (BMI 20–29.9 kg/m 2) were randomized to either an ADF group or a control group for 12 weeks. This study examined the effect of ADF on body weight and coronary heart disease risk in non-obese subjects. Whether these effects occur in normal weight and overweight individuals remains unknown. Alternate day fasting (ADF ad libitum “feed day”, alternated with 25% energy intake “fast day”), is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese individuals.
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